Florida orange crop in trouble after Irma

Hurricane Irma dealt Florida's iconic orange crop a devastating blow, destroying nearly all the fruit in some Southwest Florida groves and seriously damaging groves in Central Florida.

U.S. Senators Bill Nelson and Marco Rubio toured groves in Lake Wales on Wednesday and heard from growers, who pleaded for federal assistance.

In Lake Wales, the senators saw young fruit on the ground and trees split by wind. Growers talked of trees standing in 3 feet (.9 metres) of water, which is a death sentence for a crop already under a decade-long siege by citrus greening disease.

"Citrus is the crop that Florida's associated with and it's already facing significant challenges," said Rubio. "Economically, it's an enormous priority for the state. We wanted to make sure this didn't get lost in this broader relief effort."

Much of the fruit was young, and it's too late in the season to grow a new crop.

Widespread damage

"We've had many hurricanes, we've had freezes, but this one is widespread," said Harold Browning with the Citrus Research and Development Foundation. "We're seeing the kind of damage we haven't seen, ever."

Statewide, fruit growers and farmers have just begun to assess Irma's impact on the state's citrus, sugar cane and vegetable crops but they expect it will be significant.

Still unknown: How much damage the crops suffered, how much producers might recover from crop insurance and how much more people might pay for their morning orange juice.

Florida's orange harvest usually begins around Thanksgiving, and about 90 per cent of it becomes juice. Projections for the 2016-2017 growing season had called for 68.5 million boxes of oranges and 7.8 million boxes of grapefruit. The orange crop was worth over $886 million, according to USDA figures, while the grapefruit crop was worth nearly $110 million.

"Before Hurricane Irma, there was a good chance we would have more than 75 million boxes of oranges on the trees this season; we now have much less," said Shannon Stepp, executive director of the Florida Department of Citrus. Initial reports indicate Irma's winds knocked a lot of fruit to the ground but uprooted relatively few trees.

50-70% crop loss

Lisa Lochridge, a spokeswoman for the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association, said reports indicate a 50 per cent to 70 per cent crop loss in South Florida, depending on the region, with losses "only slightly less going north." Joel Widenor, co-founder of Commodity Weather Group, forecast the overall orange crop loss at 10 per cent and the grapefruit loss at 20 per cent to 30 per cent. He estimated sugar cane losses at 10 per cent.

The sugar cane harvest was expected to begin Oct. 1. Producers had anticipated a "very good" crop of around 2.1 million tons, said Ryan Weston, CEO of the Florida Sugar Cane League. Aerial observations this week should start showing how much was knocked down, he said.

Florida is a key source of fresh fruits and vegetables for the U.S. in the winter. Lochridge said the tomato crop is expected to be light in early November, though officials expect a solid December. Strawberry growers expect to recover quickly and harvest on time, she said.

"A big concern for growers is finding available workers to help them in their recovery efforts," Lochridge said. "The labour supply was already very tight."

The U.S. Department of Agriculture will issue its first forecast for Florida's 2017-18 citrus crop Oct. 12. Citrus greening disease, which cuts yields and turns fruit bitter, has blighted the crop in past years. The harvest has fallen by more than 70 per cent since the disease was discovered in Florida in 2005, Lochridge said, and the resulting higher prices for consumers haven't made up for the losses to growers.