New rules on price fixing, wage suppression and employee poaching kick in

New rules prohibiting wage-fixing and no-poaching agreements kick in today in an effort to crack down on companies undermining competition at employees' expense.

It is now a criminal offence for two or more employers to form deals that fix, maintain, decrease or control wages.

The same goes for agreements that prevent companies from hiring or soliciting each other's employees.

It comes after the federal government made amendments to the Competition Act's conspiracy provision in June 2022.

The penalty for violating the wage-fixing and no-poaching provisions includes imprisonment for up to 14 years, and/or a fine to be set at the discretion of the court.

The amendment applies only to pacts between unaffiliated employers.That means suchagreements between two or more corporate entities controlled by the same parent company do not violate the provisions.

While the rules cover wage-fixing and no-poaching agreements between employers regardless of whether they compete in the supply of a product, the Competition Bureau says it expects to prioritize its enforcement on arrangements between companies competing for labour.

The new law also only targets no-poaching provisions that are mutual in nature, meaning if only one company agrees not to hire another's employees, that's not caught by the legislation.

New rules for price-fixing, too

New rules punishing agreements between employers that fix wages and restrict job mobility are not the only changes to Canada's competition laws that come into force today.

New rules aimed at cracking down on price fixing also come into effect on Friday.

Previously, companies and individuals found to be working together to fix prices would face a maximum financial penalty of $25 million per violation. But from now on,fine amounts will be at the discretion of the court, which means there is no maximum cap.

That could prove pertinent as the Competition Bureau follows through on its high-profile investigation into the years-long conspiracy to artificially inflate the price of bread and other baked goods.

This week, the bureau announced its first guilty plea by a company involved in the scheme, one that saw bakeries and retailers work together to raise prices in unison. The bureau says the collusion baked in an extra $1.50 per loaf into the price of bread over more than 15 years.

Canada Bread, which makes Dempster's, Stonemill, Vachon and other brand names of baked goods, has agreed to pay a $50 million fine for its role in the collusion, while the company was under previous management and ownership.

WATCH| How big bakeries worked together to push up the price you pay for bread:

Breaking down the Canada Bread price-fixing scandal | About That

1 year ago

Duration 10:35

Canada Bread must pay a $50 million fine for being part of a scheme to fix the price of bread in Canada over 14 years. It's the highest fine the Competition Bureau has ever levied. Andrew Chang explains how the scheme worked, and why this may only be the beginning.

The Competition Bureau started its probe when grocery giant Loblaws and the bakery division of its parent company, Weston, tipped the bureau off about the existence of the collusion. Both companies were granted immunity from prosecution in exchange for their co-operation, although they both still face class-action suits seeking civil penalties.

Loblawsoffered $25 gift cards to customers as a peace offering when the story came to light.

The issue of anti-competitive behaviour on all fronts in the grocery industry became top of mind during the pandemic, asgiants Loblaws, Sobeys and Metro ended a bonus program for hourly workers known as "hero pay" on the same day in June 2020, prompting questions about possible co-ordination.

While the companies told a House of Commons committee later that year that they had acted independently, Loblaws' then-president Sarah Davis acknowledged she had sent a "courtesy email" about the move to competitors in advance.