'They kill jobs': Meet Canadians who refuse to use self-checkout

Tom Eburne and his wife, Peggy, are self-checkout virgins. They refuse to use the machines, determined to keep cashiers employed.

"We will resist as long as we can," said TomEburne, who lives in Chilliwack, B.C. "I think any job loss is a step backwards."

A new Dalhousie University grocery shopping study found that out of 1,053 Canadianssurveyed in October, slightly more than one-quarter said they never use self-checkout at the grocery storenot even for a small purchase.

Last week, CBC News reported on the survey's findings that more than half of respondents only use the machines occasionally.The poll'smargin of error is 3.1 percentage points, 19 times out of 20.

The story unleashed a flood of comments. Although the surveydidn't investigate shoppers' motivations, many self-checkout abstainersinformedCBC News that their main missionis to keep cashiers employed.

However, in the age of automation, these peopleface an uphill battle.

Dan Morris inBrockville, Ont., says he alwaysopts for a cashier, and is waryabout the growth of self-checkoutin stores.

"They're trying to basically herd everyone in, get everyone used to the self-checkouts to continuously cut down on staff," he said.

"Machines don't pay taxes, they don't pay into the pension plan."

The self-checkoutresistance has even sparkedpetitionsandmemes on Facebook. Awidely shared Canadian memetells shoppers to "never use a self checkout" because "they kill jobs."

Can't stop automation

But as technology advances, it mayget harder to opt for the cashier line.

According to the World Economic Forum's 2018 Future of Jobs report, cashier jobs, along with occupations such as bank teller and payroll clerk, are "expected to become increasingly redundant" over the next four years.

The reason: these "routine-based" jobs are more susceptible to being replaced by advancing technologies.

Retailers are also apt to buy in because technologies that automate jobs cutlabour costs.

"To kind of cling to an old modeljust because it involves workers is not something that companies and others are set up to do," said Sean Mullin, executive director of the Brookfield Institute for Innovation + Entrepreneurship at Ryerson University in Toronto.

Over the past year and a half, grocer Metro and retail giant Loblawannounced they would increase theirself-checkouts in select stores to help offset minimum wage increases in some provinces.

Along with rising labour costs, physical retailers also face stiff competition from online shopping sites. The brick-and-mortar landscape is already riddled with casualties such as the now defunctSears Canada andToys "R"Us in the U.S.

A cashier-less future?

Many major retailers offer a mix of cashiers and self-checkout machines, but that could shift as some experiment with a cashier-less format.

Last month, Walmart opened its firstSam's Club Now in Texas, a cashier-less store where shoppers can only buy items using an app that scans purchases on their mobile phone.

The store still has employees, called "member hosts," who offer in-store assistance.

Meanwhile, Amazon is expanding its cashier-less concept Amazon Go. In this physical store, customers take what they want and walk out, thanks to technology that detects when products are removed from store shelves.Customers are billed via their Amazon accounts.

Amazon has opened only seven locations in the U.S. so far, but if the retailer widely expands its concept, other companies will likely have to offer something similar to compete.

"It'll be hard for companies to not adopt this type of technology," said Mullin.

Other jobs will appear

But it's not supposed to be all doom and gloom. Historically, whentechnological innovations make certain jobs obsolete, they oftengenerate new types of positions.

The World Economic Forum estimates that by 2022, 75 million jobs worldwide may be lost due to automation. However, it suggeststhat they could be more than offset by the emergence of 133 million new jobs.

But the question remains what type of jobs will emerge and if workersin less-skilled occupationscan make the transition.

"There's people that are maybe 60-plus years old. They don't have the skills or the time to really retrain themselves," said Morris.

Amazon Go currently needs to fill more than 300 positions but many of them involvehigh-tech skills such as software development.

To adapt to the effects of automation, the World Economic Forum says businesses and governments will need to adopt "proactive, strategic and targeted efforts" to help redeploy workers.

"The challenge will be the transition," said Mullin.

Back in Chilliwack, the Eburnes acknowledge resistance may be futile in their campaign to abstain from self-checkout to protect cashierjobs.

Nevertheless, they say they'll keep up their efforts on principle.

"Maybe the little bit we do makes no difference at all," said Peggy Eburne. "But we like to stand by what we believe in."