Ready or not, Tesla Autopilot means self-driving cars are already on Canadian roads

The move towarddriverless vehicles is accelerating with technology such as Tesla's new Autopilot.

And that means there are already self-driving cars on Canadian highways.

Some Tesla owners are pushing the limits of the technology and posting somecrazy videos online to prove it.

Earlier this month, Tesla offered an optional $3,000 software update for every Model S built after 2014.The update installsAutopilot, Tesla's automation system, which is just about the closest thing to autonomous driving available to the publicright now.

Autopilot combines adaptive cruise control, automatic lane control, hands-free lane changes, 360-degree collision warningand automatic parking, where the car can look for a parking space and park on command.

How it works

It does this using a combination of cameras, radar, ultrasonic sensors and previously acquired data that has beenuploaded from other Tesla vehicles.

"I drove this model S [from Toronto]to Montreal, pretty much in Autopilot the whole way," said Martin Paquet, regional sales manager for Tesla Canada.

Our test drive

Paquet took a CBC crew for an extended test drive in a Tesla Model SP85D.It has 700 horsepower, a battery range of about 400kilometresand a price tag of about $150,000 as tested.

Our test drive took place on a busy highway in Toronto in a mix of traffic conditions.

To engage Autopilot, the driver pulls twice on a lever on the left side of the steering wheel.Pushing the lever once in the opposite direction turns it off.

The driver sets a top speed in our case, the speed limit of 90 km/h and sets the distance maintained from the vehicle in frontone to sevencar lengths by toggling on the same lever.

To change lanes, the driver hits the turn signal and, if the vehicle doesn't detect another alongside, it automatically moves over.

The system feels very smooth when braking and accelerating and when changing lanes.On long curves, the system is designed to stay in the centre of the lane, and the car wiggles a tiny bitas the system continually corrects.

Every once in a while, a chime sounds reminding the driver to touch the steering wheel.If this doesn't happen, the vehicle is designed to come to a controlled stop.

Tesla says the system is designed forhighway travel.

"Really intended for on-ramp to off-ramp.Similar to autopilot for a plane.You wouldn't want the pilot to disappear halfway through the flight.You want the pilot to make sure that you take off and land properly," saidPaquet

How not to do it

But some Tesla owners have been posting videos online of themselves engaged in some questionable driving activity, like this guy reading a newspaper while driving, or this guy brushing his teeth and reading a book.Tesla has made it clear this is not the way Autopilot is intended to be used.

Experts say the laws around this level of automation area grey area.

Ontario will start allowing the testing of fully autonomous vehicleson roads and highways in January.

It says a driver will have to be physically present in the vehicleand remain in the driver's seatat all times. Those testing an autonomous vehiclewill have to be licensed and registered and will have to apply to the Ministryof Transportation.A copy of the permit will need to be kept in the vehicleat all timesand produced if stopped by a police officer.

And those participating in the pilot program will be required to have minimum liability coverage of $5 million.

But the province says vehicles with Tesla's current level of automation aren't part of the autonomous vehiclepilot program and are governed by rules currently in place.

What if something goes wrong?

So what happens if there is an accident involving a vehicle being operated with Tesla's level of automation?There have been some close calls, after all.

"Really, the only agreement is that things will be worked out in the courts," saidMike Fitzgerald, an insurance industry analyst with Celent.

"A car that's in [Tesla's level of automation]is going towards an object in the road and it either can decide to hit that object or swerve into oncoming traffic.If it has control at that time, kind of what everybody's thinking is, it's the automanufacturer that's going to be liable for that."

Manufacturer's responsibility?

Fitzgerald said thatjust this month, Volvo statedit would assume all liability in an accident that is proven to be the fault of a Volvo vehicle.

"So it's a really key development when everyone has been wondering about what position they're going to take. So kind ofthe gauntlet is down.We haven't heard any other manufacturers come out yet, but Volvo is clearly leading the way."

Ultimately, Fitzgerald said, automation will lead to a significant reduction in accidents, which will also lead to a corresponding reduction in driver insurance premiums.

But in the interim, he said, the technology is moving faster than regulators can respond.

"I know that there are already some working groups in Canada and one province [Ontario]that's looking at this." Fitzgerald said.

"There's an awful lot of co-operation and dialogue [required]on a level we haven't seen before and at a speed we haven't seen before."