In Cynthia Johansens mind, reconciliation begins with the painful realization that shes spent most of her life ignorant of the full history of Canada and the true impact of more than 150 years of oppressive anti-Indigenous policies.

Tania Dick is the director for cultural safety and humility and clinical practice for the B.C. Ministry of Health, but she says the last 18 years of her career have shown her how much work is neededto eliminate anti-Indigenous racism from the nursing profession.

Penny Kerrigan was flown to Terrace, B.C., because of severe stomach pain. She was allegedly discharged with just regular Tylenol for the discomfort and without a diagnosis of her appendicitis, something she ascribes to anti-Indigenous bias.