Wildfires in Anchorage? Climate change sparks disaster fears

Research on a flat spot for air evacuations. Talk of old-style civil defence sirens to warn offast-moving wildfires. Hundreds of urban firefighters training inwildland firefighting techniques while snow still blankets theground.

This is the new reality in Alaska's largest city, where a recentseries of wildfires near Anchorage and the hottest day on recordhave sparked fears that a warming climate could soon mean serious,untenable blazes in urban areas just like in the rest of thedrought-plagued American West.

The risk is particularly high in the city's burgeoning AnchorageHillside neighbourhood, where multi-million dollar homes have pushedfurther and further up steep slopes and to the forest's edge. Makingthe challenge even greater is that many of these areas on theHillside home to about 35,000 people have but one road in andout, meaning that fleeing residents could clog a roadway or be cutoff from reaching Anchorage at all.

The prospect of a major wildfire there keeps Anchorage Fire ChiefDoug Schrage awake at night when conditions are hot and dry.

"I've characterized this as probably the single largest threatto the municipality of Anchorage," he said.

Schrage's city fire department is adept at fighting blazes inbuildings. But as Anchorage has grown, the available land is higherup, where wild and urban areas intersect, and those fires are verydifferent from what his firefighters are trained to combat.

The city also has limited wildfire equipment, and it's nearly impossible to get a fire engine up some switchback roads to homes nestled high up mountains.

"Our strategy is basically to put as many resources as we have on duty on a small fire so that we can keep it contained" while waiting for assistance from the Alaska Division of Forestry and Fire Protection, Schrage said.

This spring, 360 city firefighters are training on wildland firefighting tactics like using water hoses to create a line around the perimeter of a fire and the city is encouraging homeowners to participate in a program to identify hazards like brush and old trees that would feed a fire before it's too late. In one hilly neighbourhood, a community council is researching locations for a makeshift helipad that could be used for air evacuations.

That same small neighbourhood with but one road in and out has also discussed installing sirens to warn residents on the city's wooded fringes of fire danger and hopes to build a database of all residents for emergency communications.

"As much as you wouldn't want to do it ... it's like rolling the dice on being alive or dead," said Matt Moore, who fled his home in 2019 lest he be trapped on the wrong side of the flames on the single road.

Such precautions common in parched and fire-prone states like California and Colorado are relatively new in Anchorage in the face of increased fire risk fuelled by global warming. The city reached 32 Cfour years ago, the city's hottest temperature on record, and it's had five significant wildfires over the past seven years that were all extinguished before causing much damage.

Still, the U.S. is headed into an El Nino year this season, which traditionally means a bigger fire year and further raises concerns, said Brian Brettschneider, a climate scientist with National Weather Service, Alaska Region.

More than 12,546 square kilometresburned statewide last year an area just under the size of Connecticut.

Since 1950, there have been 14 years in which more than 12,139 square kilometresthe equivalent of 1.2 million hectares have burned during Alaska's short but intense fire season. Half of those fire seasons have occurred since 2002, including the worst year on record 2004 when over 26,304 square kilometresburned.

From his home high above Anchorage in 2019, Moore saw the black smoke billowing from a fire miles away in a heavily wooded area of the city. He gathered his pets and important papers in his vehicle his wife was already safe in Anchorage and drove eightkilometresdown the only road serving the roughly 600 neighbourhood residents to safety.

"Thankfully, they started getting it under control," he said.

For now, both the city and Schrage's fire department are focused on keeping things under control implementing as many preventative measures as possible.

The city department has removed evergreen trees and reduced brush in strips of 30 metresnext to neighbourhoods to help contain any future fires and Anchorage has cleared trees and other hazards in parks and along greenbelts.

Firefighters have also conducted inspections at people's homes to identify fire hazards such as firewood kept too close to their homes or too much vegetation on their property all in hopes of preserving homes, livelihoods and the community in a time of growing climate uncertainty.