Indigenous land acknowledgments alone won't advance reconciliation, say critics

This piece was originally published March 28, 2019.

You hear themat artistic performances, before speeches and political events even before the puck drops.

They're called land acknowledgments: statements made, often by politicians or public officials, recognizing the treatyterritory of the Indigenous people who called the land home before the arrival of European settlers, and in many cases still do call it home.

Eleven treatiesweresigned between First Nations and the Crown between 1871 and1921, each treaty delineatingland deemed to be the traditional territory of the First Nations signing it.

Indigenous land acknowledgments have become commonsince the Truth and Reconciliation Commission's94 calls to action were released in 2015, urgingall levels of government tochange policies and programs in an effort torepair the harm caused by residential schools andmove forward with reconciliation.

The Saskatchewan School Boards Association, for instance, uses the following land acknowledgment:

I would like to begin by acknowledging that we are on the traditional lands, referred to as Treaty 4 territory, and that the city of Reginais located on Treaty 4 territory, the original lands of the Cree, Ojibwe, Saulteaux, Dakota, Nakota, Lakota, and on the homeland of the Mtis Nation. We respect and honour the treaties that were made on all territories, we acknowledge the harms and mistakes of the past, and we are committed to move forward in partnership with Indigenous Nations in the spirit of reconciliation and collaboration.

But now, some Indigenous and non-Indigenous people are wondering whether land acknowledgments are starting to ringhollow when they aren't followed up with further reconciliatory action, not to mentiona full understanding of what they mean.

• Explore the 94 calls to action recommended by theTruth and Reconciliation Commission'

"[Indigenous]ancestry is rooted deeply in these territories since time immemorial," said Amy Seesequasisat Saskatchewan's Office of the Treaty Commissioner.

"Their contributions to the development of Canada are an integral component to understanding our shared history."

Philip Brass, an Indigenous consultant fromthe Peepeekisis Cree Nationin Saskatchewan, says they have an even deeper significance.

"From a traditional practice, land acknowledgment for Indigenous people is acknowledging one another's linguistic group's territory," Brass said.

"It's a tradition that is really rooted in a spiritual understanding of spiritual territory, sothat's something fundamentally different about what we are seeing today."

Still, he appreciates that when"land acknowledgments are made, they are done in a sincere mannerand it's not just scripted." Otherwise, "we risk it actually garnering resentment from Canadian society, [which really doesn't] have an understanding of the historical context."

'They can't be the only thing to do'

But land acknowledgments can't be the only means of reconciliation, Brass says.

"I think it can delay real systemic change in action, which is needed [for] any notions of reconciliation."

Earlier this year, in an interview onCBC Radio'sUnreserved,Hayden King, an Anishinaabe writer and educator, expressedregret forwritingRyerson University's territorial acknowledgment. He said a written statementdoesn't require much work forthose recitingit.

"There should be a meaning behind these statements," said Max FineDay,executive director of Canadian Roots Exchange, a national non-profit that works with youth to advance reconciliation.

"There should be a sense that you know the meaning behind them. If we only have scripted statements at events, then it becomes just another part of the agenda."

"They aren't the wrong thing to do," he said."It's just that they can't be the only thing to do."

On Monday, the city council ofRichmond Hill, Ont., about 30 kilometres north of Toronto, rejecteda motion to begin its meetings with an acknowledgment of the area's Indigenous community and history.

The motion was amended to includethe creation of a new Indigenous training program that would be available to city employees in place of the land acknowledgment. That motion passed.

FineDay, also a member of the interim National Council on Reconciliation, said it'severyone's responsibility to learn more about the treaties, and that both Indigenous and non-Indigenous people making these acknowledgments need to take action themselves.

"Why wouldn't somebody who's doing a land acknowledgment reflect on what the treaty means to them?You know, think about it, and look up the treaty. If they aren't familiar with it reflect on what that means to them personally."

Doing more than acknowledging

Regina's Globe Theatre began reciting land acknowledgments before each production soon after the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commissionwere released. It also installed a plaque in the lobby with atreaty acknowledgment.

"When the Truth and Reconciliation report came out, we came together as a team and came up with a list of actions that we could take immediately, mid-term and long-term, in order to be engaged in that process of learning, acknowledgment and honouring," said Ruth Smillie, the theatre's artistic director.

Morerecently, the theatre hasfocused on training, retaining and developing Indigenous actors and stage hands within its professional actors program. The idea to do so cameafter a professional acting conservatory program in 2016 graduated only two Indigenous students ina class of 51.

"I thought, 'That isn't good enough,'" Smillie said.

The theatrehas turned its attention to Indigenous storytelling, as well, with productions likeSalt Baby, a comedic look at a young woman's struggle to find a place within her culture.

Making Treaty 4, taking the stage in mid-April, explores the historical and contemporary significance of Treaty 4, which encompasses Regina.The Globe Theatre plans to offer counsellingand a smudging room for audience members.

"It's important for organizations like us to take to heart the need for the process of dialogue, learning, reconciliation," said Smillie, "and for all of us to be on the path to being true treaty people. All of us."