Spring moisture changes the game for the Prairies. But how long will it last?

What a difference a year makes.

Last summer, forest fires were raging across Canada, Prairie farmerswere in the midst of a catastrophic growing season and there was no relief in sight from heat and drought.

Going into this summer, ample moisture and cooler weather on the Prairies has brought a sense of optimism.

So what's behind the change?

The El Nio effect

There were fears as early as March that this spring would be a repeat of last especially since winter on the Prairies was dominated by exceptionally warm and dry weather.

In addition to climate change, El Nio a cyclical weather feature that warms ocean temperatures in the equatorial Pacific, leading towarm and dry conditions over the Prairies in winter likely played a major role.

But El Niois now dissipating. Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) meteorologist Terri Lang said thatcould be a reason why our weather has turned a corner.

"During these transition zones, it is possible to kind of flip that switch, to go from sort of a warmer and drier [pattern] to a more average [pattern]and certainly increase in precipitation," said Lang.

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For the first time since the winter of 2015/16, the Prairies are experiencing El Nino, a weather pattern originating in the Pacific Ocean that can make the winters warmer and drier than normal

Lang saidlow pressure systems that carry a lotof rainand cover large areashave been more frequent this spring.

"That's a big change," said Lang."It's actually closer to what's supposed to be happening, what more of a typical spring is."

The change, she said, is likely dueto the straightening of the jet stream, the delineator between warmer and colder air, thathappens once El Nio weakens.

Much of Saskatchewan reported above average moisture in May the first time that's happened over one month in about a year-and-a-half.

Calgary reported 61.7 millimetres of rain in Mayabove its average of 52.5 mm and the first time it's been above average in May since 2020.

Winnipeg reported 114.7 mmwell above its May average of 66.2 mmand farfrom the 20.5 mm it received in May 2023.

Drought comes to an end

According to Canadian Drought Monitor, "extreme" or "exceptional" levels of drought hadended in eastern Alberta and western Saskatchewanas of May 31 the first time that's happened in over a year.

Large sections of southwestern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta are now free of any drought classification for the first time in about three years.

The rain has been beneficialforAaron Steinley, a farmer near Empress, Alta., about 140 kilometres northeast of Medicine Hat, Alta.

"It's been a long time since I've seena spring this green or seen this kind of pre-seeding rainfall," said Steinley."It is hard to believe how different it is from the previous seven years."

The weather station closest to Empress,in Leader, Sask., reported 63.4 mm in May,the most that month since 2016.

"We've been in a situation where by mid or end [of] July, we just watch all our efforts turn brown and die," said Steinley. "So this is quite different."

Near Yorkton, Sask., Bill Prybylski has seen springs on his farmwith too little ortoo much rain.

This year, he saidit's just the right amount.

"We're fortunate here we've been able to get the crop in the ground," said Prybylski. "There's more than enough moisture now to get the crops germinated and get them off to a good start."

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The Prairies have seen quite a bit of rain this spring and it's making a dent in the ongoing drought. It's also keeping forest fires at bay.

The moisture may be good news for farmers, but John Pomeroy with the Global Institute for Water Security at the University of Saskatchewan said the rain alone isn't enough to fill critical waterways.

"The stream flow really depends on the overwinter snow pack and the rate at which that melts," said Pomeroy. "Those snow packs, when they meltedback in April, were still below normal, so stream flow was short and sweet."

Pomeroysaidadequate stream flows are importantfor drinking water suppliesand irrigation come summer.

He's optimisticthat snow in the Rocky Mountains will continue to melt over the next few weeks and eventually make its way into waterways across the Prairies.

Forest fires down after historic year

After a Maythat saw a massive forest fire near The Pas,Man., and the partial evacuation ofFort McMurray, Alta.,the rain has quenched dry landin the northern Prairies.

From Jan. 1 to Jun.11, Saskatchewan has reported 174 fires,compared to 384 during the same period in 2023.

Alberta saw more than 2.2 million hectares of land burned by fires in 2023. So far this year, only about 27,000 hectares have burned.

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Richard Carr, afire research analyst with the Canadian Forest Service, said the top of the forest floor can dry out quickly.

"Really [it] takes a few hours after a light rainfall for that to dry out," said Carr.

"But if you have a heavier rain,maybe it's going totake a couple of days, but then you can get surface fires going."

Carr said deeper layers can dry out within weeks, but he remains optimistic that above average moisture across the Prairieswill keep things from getting as bad as last year.

Carr said forests could be threatenedby the warmer and drier-than-average summer ECCCis predicting.

Much of the Prairies has a 60 to 100 per cent chance of seeing above normal temperatures and a 40 to 60 per cent chance of seeing below normal precipitation through the rest of June, July and August.

However, ECCCmeteorologist Lang notedspring was also supposed to be warmer and drier than normal, but came out cooler and wetter.

"You have to always, not necessarily take the [long term] forecast with a grain of salt, but take them in the more general context and know that it's not an exact science, it's a bit more of an art form," said Lang.