Most Canadians could be vaccinated by end of 2021, says federal public health officer

Most Canadians could be vaccinated against COVID-19 by the end of next year, Canada's deputy chief public health officer said today.

In recent days, pharmaceutical companies Pfizer and Moderna have announced successful trials of their coronavirus vaccines. Dr. Howard Njoo said he is optimistic they can be approved by Health Canada and rolled out soon.

"Hopefullythese two vaccines get approved, because we still have to look at the clinical data, the clinical trials to make sure our regulatory colleagues are comfortable and approve themand the other vaccines," Njoo told reporters in Ottawa today.

"We're looking at hopefully covering the vast majority of the Canadian population ...by the end of next year. But like I say, this is something that is happening in real time and certainly there will be adjustments made as we move along."

Canada has signed deals with several vaccine developers to reserve millions of doses under development to ensure Canadians have access to vaccines when they become available.

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Canada's deputy chief public health officer spoke with reporters during the bi-weekly pandemic briefing on Tuesday.

The federal government has agreements with Moderna, Pfizer/BioNTech andNovavax and Janssen,a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. It also has deals with Sanofi/GSK, AstraZeneca and Medicago.

Canada will receive 20 to 76 million doses of each vaccineshould they make it through clinical trials and be approved by Health Canada.

Pfizer announced last week that its vaccine has proven to be 90 per cent effective at protecting people fromCOVID-19 in a study that contained almost 44,000 subjects.

While those early results are promising, a key component of the vaccine has to be stored at minus 70 degrees Celsius limiting delivery optionsonce it has been approved by Health Canada.

Freezers being purchased

"Getting those vaccines from an airport tarmac or a port to Canadians right across the country is a significant logistical challenge, one which the government is focused on and working on ardently to be able to make sure that as vaccines arrive, they are getting out to the most vulnerable and the people who need it on a priority basis," Prime Minister JustinTrudeau said at his morning press conference today.

The prime minister said multiple government agencies and private contractors and perhaps even the Canadian military will be draftedto help with the deliveryof the vaccine.

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Theresa Tam, Canada's chief public health officer, saidthe military may be involved in the vaccinerollout because of its logistical expertise, while the federal government willplay a significant role in meeting the challenges of distributing a vaccine that has to be kept very cold.

"I do know that yes, absolutely, sufficient freezers are being purchased," she said. "Some are already. We've mapped out the ones already in Canada and the additional ones that might be needed."

According to Public Services and Procurement Canada, the federal government has purchased26 freezersthat can maintain temperatures of minus 80 degrees Celsius. Italso haspurchased 100 freezers that can maintain a temperature ofminus 20 degrees Celsius.

The federal government has already pre-approvedfour companies to bid on government contracts to help with vaccine distribution: UPS Healthcare, Federal Express Canada Corp, Kuehn+ Nagel Ltd. and McKesson Canada Corporation.

Tam said that oncevaccines are approved that can be stored at higher temperatures, distributionwill be simplifiedand the provinces probably won't need as much federal help in getting them out to the public.

Trudeauadded thatuntil avaccine arrives, Canadians will need to take the usual precautions to "get the second wave under control."

"This is good news, but remember a vaccine can only protect you once you've gotten the shot," he said.

Rationing vaccines

Another factor for governments to consider is how to divide vaccine doses between provinces an issue sources say was discussed during last week's phone call between the prime minister and the premiers.

During that call, New Brunswick Premier Blaine Higgs suggested governmentsration the initial vaccine doses as they did withpersonal protective equipment in the early days of the pandemic. Higgs argued that provinces should only ask for the doses they need to protect their most vulnerable populations, allowing the rest to go to hot zones across the country.

"We've worked together on this so far, so it wouldn't be time to all split and run in our corners ... when a vaccineactually arrives," Higgs toldCBC News.

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The federal government is finalizing its plan to roll out COVID-19 vaccines once they are available in Canada. The plan needs to include how to transport, store and deliver millions of doses quickly and may involve military assistance.

New Brunswick, like the rest of the Atlantic region, has kept itsCOVID-19 caseloadsunder good control due to travel limits and quarantine rules. Higgs said the bulk of his province's 32 cases are related totravel people who work abroad getting infected and cominghome. He said allowing the initial vaccination efforts to focus on hot spots will make New Brunswick safer.

"The fewer hot zones that there are in places where we're travelling, the less exposure we have in our communities here in New Brunswick. So there's a direct connection," Higgs said. "Having those situations addressed, no matter where it is in Canada, will be helpful for us in the long haul too."

Higgs said his idea was discussed onlyin passing during last week's meeting. He said a broader discussion could take place at a formal First Ministers meeting set for early December if there's greater clarity on the vaccine front at that time.