Here's how reservists are playing a crucial role in opposing Israel's judicial reforms

A contentious government plan to overhaul Israel's judiciary has led todeep rifts within Israeli society, and those rifts have infiltrated the military, where reservists in key units have pledged not to show up for duty if the legislative changes are pushed through.

Israeli lawmakers on Monday approved a key portion of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's divisive plan, which calls for sweeping changes aimed at curbing the powers of the judiciary, from limiting the Supreme Court's ability to challenge parliamentary decisions to changing the way judges are selected.

In Israel, which does not have a formal constitution, the judiciary plays a critical oversight role in the country's system of checks and balances.

Reservists opposing the reforms including 161 critical air force personnel have declared their refusal to serve under a government taking steps that they see as setting the country on a path to dictatorship.

Here's how the refusals have prompted fears that the military's preparedness could be compromised, and how it could put pressure onNetanyahu's government.

Why are reservists refusing to show up?

Israel's military is compulsory for most Jewish men. After their three-year service is complete, many continue reserve duty well into their 40s or beyond.

Reservists make up a critical pool of soldiers who fill an important role in reinforcing the regular army. They cover a range of positions and forces, from air to land to sea to cyber.

As soon asNetanyahu's government announced the overhaul in January, reservist-led protest groups became central to thegrassroots movementdemonstrating against the overhaul.

The protesters say they do not want to serve a country that they think ismoving toward dictatorshipif the overhaul moves ahead. They say the government is violating an unwritten social contract under which soldiers risk their lives with the understanding that they are defending a democracy.

"[Israel] is a democracy this is what we are defending," Amos Davidowitz, alieutenant-colonel in the army reserves and a former police officer, told CBC Radio's As It Happens.

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"If they change the character so fundamentally that there's no more democracy, that's not what I signed up for," he said.

"The army is subservient to a democratic government. If it is not a democratic government, the army can't be subservient to it. There's a fundamental flaw with what is being asked of us."

Many also believe that loosening judicial oversight could expose Israeli forces towar crimes chargesatinternational courts. One of Israel's defences against war crimes accusations is that it has an independent legal system capable of investigating any potential wrongdoing.

How is the military being affected?

The refusals have largely remained threats, having no immediate impact on the army's readiness. But the declaration from the 161 air force personnel "immediately" halting their service has sent a shock through the establishment.

Israel relies on its air force to strike enemy targets in neighbouring Syria. It also is an essential element of battles against militants in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip, operations that have become more frequent in recent years. Unmanned aircraft have recently also been used in the West Bank. Israel also has threatened to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon and a strike on Iran would almost certainly require warplanes.

All of those fronts require Israel to maintain a highly trained roster of pilots who can be called at little notice to stage airstrikes. When a pilot refuses to show up for training for even just a couple of weeks, his readiness is affected. When ground personnel, like those who signed this week's letter, which include target identifiers or co-ordination experts, refuse to show up, the entire system is shaken.

"I need to maintain competency," said one of the letter's signatories, identified as Maj. S., in an interview with Israeli Army Radio, saying that if he doesn't stay abreast of system updates and operational plans, he can't do his job. "There is no doubt that this harms the country." He was not identified in line with military rules.

What is being done to halt the refusals?

Fears about the potential effect of refusals to serve on the military's readiness pushed Defence MinisterYoav Gallantto publicly criticize the overhaul in March. That prompted Netanyahu to fire him, setting off a burst ofspontaneous protestsand a labour strike that forced the Israeli leader to freeze the overhaul and reinstate Gallant.

But this time around, Gallant is silent and political leaders appear to be taking a harder line.

"Refusal to serve endangers the security of every citizen of Israel. The government will not accept refusal to serve," Netanyahu told his cabinet earlier this month, promising unspecified action against the protest.

The military's top brass have been caught in a balancing act over showing empathy to the concerns of their troops, protecting cohesion within the military despite the deepening societal divisions over the overhaul and ensuring the political dispute doesn't affect the military's performance.

Butin what appears to be a response to growing pressure from political ranks, military leaders have stiffened their tone against those who refuse.

On Tuesday, Israel's military took its first known internal disciplinary action over the protests. One reservist was fined 1,000 shekels (about $354 Cdn) and another given a suspended 15-day jail sentence for ignoring call-ups.

"There has been an increase in requests to halt reserve duty," Brig.-Gen. Daniel Hagari told Israeli reporters, in remarks confirmed by a military spokesperson.

"If reservists do not report for duty for a long duration, there will be damage done to the preparedness of the military," Hagari said.

The spokesperson gave no further details on the number of requests.

What's the long-term impact?

If the government moves ahead with the legislation, more refusals are expected. If these take root, and especially in the air force, the military's performance will take a hit, said Idit Shafran Gittleman, a senior researcher at Israel's Institute for National Security Studies.

How big of a hit will depend on how widespread the refusals become and how the military responds to them, she added.

For the near term, if pilots don't show up for training or service, strikes on Syria might be delayed or in the case of the refusenik air force ground personnel, need to be reorganized, Shafran Gittleman said.

The military will also need to think hard about whether taking harsh punitive steps against pilots is the right move, considering the time and expense to train others to fill in.

Perhaps most significantly, the ethnic, economic and religious divisions being torn open by the overhaul in civilian life are being carried over in the military, testing cohesions in an institution that often serves as a melting pot as Israel faces multiple external threats.

"It's setting off a vibe of tensions between crews that are meant to work together," said Shafran Gittleman. "That's a catastrophe for the military."