Fethullah Glen, U.S.-based cleric accused by Turkey's Erdogan of starting coup, dead

Fethullah Glen, a reclusive U.S.-based Islamic cleric, has died. Glen inspired a global social movement while facing accusations he masterminded a failed 2016 coup in his native Turkey.

Abdullah Bozkurt, the former editor of the Glen-linked Today's Zaman newspaper, who is now in exile in Sweden, said he spoke to Glen's nephew, Kemal Glen, who confirmed the death. Fethullah Glen was in his 80s and had long been in ill health.

The state-run Anadolu Agency quoted Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan as saying Turkish intelligence sources had confirmed the death.

"The leader of this dark organization has died," he said.

Glen spent the last decades of his life in self-exile, living on a gated compound in Pennsylvania's Pocono Mountains from where he continued to wield influence among his millions of followers in Turkey and throughout the world. He espoused a philosophy that blended Sufism a mystical form of Islam with staunch advocacy of democracy, education, science and interfaith dialogue.

The Alliance for Shared Values, a New York-based group that promotes Glen's work in the U.S., confirmed his death on X and on its website "with sorrowful hearts and humble acceptance of Allah's will."

Monroe County Coroner Thomas A Yanac, Jr. said he was informed by St. Luke's Hospital-Monroe that Glen died of natural causes.

Relationship with Erdogan turned

Glen began as an ally of Turkish leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan, but became a foe. He called Erdogan an authoritarian bent on accumulating power and crushing dissent. Erdogan cast Glen as a terrorist, accusing him of orchestrating the attempted military coup on the night of July 15, 2016, when factions within the military used tanks, warplanes and helicopters to try to overthrow Erdogan's government.

Heeding a call from the president, thousands took to the streets to oppose the takeover attempt. The coup-plotters fired at crowds and bombed parliament and other government buildings. A total of 251 people were killed and around 2,200 others were wounded. Around 35 alleged coup-plotters were also killed.

Glen adamantly denied involvement, and his supporters dismissed the charges as ridiculous and politically motivated.

Glen was never charged with a crime in the U.S., and Turkey did not provide evidence to enable his extradition. He has consistently denounced terrorism as well as the coup-plotters.

In Turkey, Glen's movement sometimes known as Hizmet, Turkish for "service" was subjected to a broad crackdown. The government arrested tens of thousands of people for their alleged link to the coup plot, sacked more than 130,000 suspected supporters from civil-service jobs and more than 23,000 from the military, and shuttered hundreds of businesses, schools and media organizations tied to Glen.

Glen denounced Turkey's leaders as "tyrants" as a result.

Global network of organizations

Fethullah Glen was born in Erzurum, in eastern Turkey. His official birth date was April 27, 1941, but that has long been in dispute. Y. Alp Aslandogan, who leads a New York-based group that promotes Glen's ideas and work, said Glen was actually born sometime in 1938.

Trained as an imam, or prayer leader, Glen gained notice in Turkey some 50 years ago. He preached tolerance and dialogue between faiths, and he believed religion and science could go hand in hand. His belief in merging Islam with Western values and Turkish nationalism struck a chord with Turks, earning him millions of followers.

Glen's acolytes built a loosely affiliated global network of charitable foundations, professional associations, businesses and schools in more than 100 countries, including in Canada and the United States. In Turkey, supporters ran universities, hospitals, charities, a bank and a large media empire with newspapers and radio and TV stations.

But Glen was viewed with suspicion by some in his homeland, a deeply polarized country split between those loyal to its fiercely secular traditions and supporters of the Islamic-based party associated with Erdogan that came to power in 2002.

Glen had long refrained from openly supporting any political party, but his movement forged a de facto alliance with Erdogan against the country's old guard of staunch, military-backed secularists, and Glen's media empire threw its weight behind Erdogan's Islamic-oriented government.

Glenists helped the governing party win multiple elections. But the Erdogan-Glen alliance began to crumble after the movement criticized government policy and exposed alleged corruption among Erdogan's inner circle.

Erdogan, who denied the allegations, grew weary of the growing influence of Glen's movement. The Turkish leader accused Glen's followers of infiltrating the country's police and judiciary and setting up a parallel state, and began agitating for Glen's extradition to Turkey even before the failed 2016 coup.

The cleric had lived in the United States since 1999, when he came to seek medical treatment.

In 2000, with Glen still in the U.S, Turkish authorities charged him with leading an Islamist plot to overthrow the country's secular form of government and establish a religious state.

Some of the accusations against him were based on a tape recording on which Glen was alleged to have told supporters of an Islamic state to bide their time: "If they come out too early, the world will quash their heads." Glen said his comments were taken out of context.

The cleric was tried in absentia and acquitted, but he never returned to his homeland. He won a lengthy legal battle against the administration of then-president George W. Bush to obtain permanent residency in the U.S.

Rarely seen in public, Glen lived quietly on the grounds of an Islamic retreat centre in the Poconos. He occupied a small apartment on the sprawling compound and left mostly only to see doctors for ailments that included heart disease and diabetes, spending much of his time in prayer and meditation and receiving visitors from around the world.

Glen never married and did not have children. It is not known who, if anyone, will lead the movement.