In wartime Ukraine, wary Kherson residents watch the skies for drones

Olga Chernyshova's family runs a grocery store in the port city of Kherson in southern Ukraine.

It sits close to the DniproRiver, across from thefront line of the all-out war that has upended life in Ukraine for nearly three years.

Since Russia launched its invasion, the family'sstore has been flooded after a dam collapseanddamaged by incendiary shelling. It has become increasingly hard just to get to the store safelyamid ongoing wartime dangers including hostile drones.

In a close call last month,Chernyshova was unloadingher vehicle outside her home, when she heard the soundof an approaching Russian drone that dropped an explosive and struck her car.

The drone threatis well understood by Chernyshova and others living in Kherson previouslyoccupied by Russian forces,whichare still nearby.

"Kherson is very close to the Russians, so they can get there with drones," said Oleksiy Goncharenko, a Ukrainian lawmaker who hails from Odesa, also in southern Ukraine.

Droneshave been criticalfor out-gunned and out-manned Ukraineas it tries to push back the Russian invasion. Ukraine hasused a wide array ofdrones to striketargets some close to the front lines, some far inside Russian territory.

But it has also had to defend against the drones Russia sends, which have proven lethal for soldiers and civilians alike including in Kherson, where Chernyshova lives and works, but also in other parts of the region.

In the first week of October, Kherson Gov. Oleksandr Prokudin's Telegram account shared news ofa 69-year-old woman who died after a drone attack on a shuttle bus in Antonivka and ofa 75-year-old womanand two men in their 50s also killed by drones in other parts of Kherson region.

Tymofiy Mylovanov, an economist and former Ukrainiangovernment minister, says civilians in these areas are dealing with the dronethreats in different ways.

"They hide, stay away from the areas where the drones have been noticed or leave altogether," said Mylovanov.

For Chernyshova,her daily routine involves paying close attention to the skies above.

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She told CBC News via a translatorthatshe and her family listen for the warning signs of approaching dronesand then hastily drive to theirdestination including when getting to their store.

She also said she sometimes hides from drones under thecover under trees when meeting others outside.

Chernyshova has advocated for local authorities to do more to warn people about these risks with posters and online and to provideinformation about the best ways to stay safe under the circumstances.

Much of region remains occupied

Chernyshovasaid that "while things are really tough in Kherson, they are even tougher in occupied areas."

Russian forces still control much of the wider region thatsits atop Crimea in southern Ukraine.

The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) says Russian forces occupy some 19,550 square kilometres orroughly 73 per cent of the Kherson region.

Kateryna Stepanenko, the think-tank's deputy Russia team leader, says the city and others nearby including Beryslav sitalong a part of the front line that Russia has defensive concerns about.

"There's a lot of fear from the Russian side...regarding the possibility of the Ukrainians crossing in that area," she said.

The Russianforces sit close enough to these Ukrainian settlements to fly the small, first-person view (FPV) drones that are the source of the danger for many civilians.

These smaller drones are not easy for Ukraine to swat out of the air.

Ukraine has only so many resources for dealing with drones, and FPVsare a problem that can't be solved with large-scale air-defence systems.

Stepanenkosaid the likely solution isfor Ukraine to continue todevelop new tools and technologies to down these drones.

Goncharenko, the Ukrainian lawmaker, points out that it's "not only drones" that threaten those living in Kherson.

Before the increase in drone attacks, Kherson"was shelled with artillery, now it is ballistics or aerial bombs," he said, noting that "Mariupol was bombed with such bombs, and Kharkiv and Zaporizhzhia are now being bombed" as well.

The United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine has reported that more than 11,700 civilians have died in the country since the start of the Russian invasion and the end of August. More than 24,600 other civilians have been injured over that same time period.

Despite the threats Kherson residents face,Chernyshovasaid that people outside Ukraine should not pity the people living there.

She said she wanted othersto understand that they are fighting for their freedom just by staying within the region and that they are proud of that.