Ukraine refuses to surrender Mariupol as scope of human toll remains unclear

The latest:

• Russian and Ukrainian soldiers fighting block by block for control of Mariupol.
  
• Radiation monitors around Russian-seizedChornobyl nuclear sitenot working,Ukrainian officials say.
  
• At least 8 dead after shopping centre shelled in Kyiv; mayor announces curfew.
  
• Russian missile strike hits military training centre in Rivne region of western Ukraine.

As Mariupol's defenders held out Monday against Russian demands that they surrender, the number of bodies in the rubble of the bombarded and encircled Ukrainian city remained shrouded in uncertainty, the full extent of the horror not yet known.

With communications crippled, movement restricted and many residents in hiding, the fate of those inside an art school flattened on Sunday and a theatre that was blown apart four days earlier was unclear.

More than 1,300 people were believed to be sheltering in the theatre, and 400 were estimated to have been in the art school.

WATCH |Mariupol residents bury neighbours(Warning: Video contains images of death):

Mariupol residents bury dead in public places

3 years ago

Duration 1:34

Trapped Mariupol residents are being forced to bury their dead neighbours in public areas. Others shiver in the cold hoping to be saved. 'In a week we will have nothing, no food at all,' said one resident.

Perched on the Sea of Azov, Mariupol has been a key target that has been relentlessly pounded for more than three weeks and has seen some of the worst suffering of the war. The fall of the southern port city would help Russia establish a land bridge to Crimea, seized from Ukraine in 2014.

But no clear picture emerged about how close its capture might be.

"Nobody can tell from the outside if it really is on the verge of being taken," said Keir Giles, a Russia expert at the British think tank Chatham House.

Over the weekend, Moscow had offered safe passage out of Mariupol one corridor leading east to Russia, another going west to other parts of Ukraine in return for the city's surrender before daybreak Monday. Ukraine flatly rejected the offer well before the deadline.

Brutal conditions

Mariupol officials said at least 2,300 people have died in the siege, with some buried in mass graves, but fears grew that the number could be far higher.

For those who remain, conditions have become brutal. The bombardment has cut off Mariupol's electricity, water and food supplies and severed communication with the outside world, plunging residents into a fight for survival.

"What's happening in Mariupol is a massive war crime," European Union foreign policy chief Josep Borrell said.

Mariupol had a pre-war population of about 430,000. Around a quarter were believed to have left in the opening days of the war, and tens of thousands escaped over the past week by way of a humanitarian corridor. Other attempts have been thwarted by the fighting.

Those who have made it out told of a devastated city.

"There are no buildings there anymore," said 77-year-old Maria Fiodorova, who crossed the border to Poland on Monday after five days of travel.

Olga Nikitina, who fled Mariupol for the western Ukrainian city of Lviv, where she arrived Sunday, said gunfire blew out her windows, and her apartment dropped below freezing.

"Battles took place over every street. Every house became a target," she said.

'Bodies lying around'

A long line of vehicles lined a road in Bezimenne, Ukraine, as Mariupol residents sought shelter at a temporary camp set up by the rebel Donetsk government. An estimated 5,000 people from Mariupol have taken refuge in the camp. Many arrived in cars with signs that said "children" in Russian.

A woman who gave her name as Yulia said she and her family sought shelter in Bezimenne after a bombing destroyed six houses behind her home.

"That's why we got in the car, at our own risk, and left in 15 minutes because everything is destroyed there, dead bodies are lying around," she said. "They don't let us pass through everywhere there are shootings."

Francesco Rocca, president of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, urged Russia to abide by the Geneva Convention and allow humanitarian aid into the city.

In all, more than 8,000 people escaped to safer areas Monday through humanitarian corridors, including about 3,000 from Mariupol, Deputy Prime Minister Iryna Vereshchuk said.

Russian shelling of a corridor wounded four children on a route leading out of Mariupol, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskysaid.

As Russia intensifies its effort to pound Mariupol into submission, its ground offensive in other parts of the country has become bogged down, slowed by lethal hit-and-run attacks by the Ukrainians. Western officials and analysts say the conflict is turning into a grinding war of attrition, with Russian President Vladimir Putin's forces using air power and artillery to pulverize cities from a distance.

A senior U.S. defence official, speaking on condition of anonymity to discuss the military's assessment, said Russia had increased air sorties over the past two days, carrying out as many as 300 in the past 24 hours, and has fired more than 1,100 missiles into Ukraine since the invasion began.

In a video address Monday night, Zelensky hailed those who have fought back against Russia.

"There is no need to organize resistance," he said. "Resistance for Ukrainians is part of their soul."

WATCH | Residentsprotect their shattered neighbourhoods:

Kharkiv volunteers work to clear rubble, reinforce buildings

3 years ago

Duration 0:58

Residents of Kharkiv, Ukraine, are pitching in to help remove debris, erect fences, and shore up residential buildings to keep each other safe and to ward off looters and thieves.

Zelenskyalso said on Monday that it would not be possible to negotiate an end to the war in his country without meeting Putin.He told European public television networks such a meeting could discuss the future of occupied Ukrainian territory, but more time would be required to resolve the issue.

"I believe that until such time as we have a meeting with the president of the Russian Federation ... you cannot truly understand what they are prepared to do in order to stop the war and what they are prepared to do if we are not ready for this or that compromise," Zelensky said in the interview.

"If people are trying to stop a war, there is a cease-fire and troops are withdrawn. The presidents meet, reach an agreement on withdrawing troops and there are security guarantees of one sort or another. Compromises must be found, one way or another of guaranteeing our security."

The Ukrainian leader has sought a meeting with Putin for nearly a year, but the Russian leader has refused and instead demanded Zelenskyresolve his country's "civil war" with separatist territories linked to Moscow.

Kyiv shopping mall targeted

In the Russian-occupied southern city of Kherson on Monday, Russian forces shot into the air and fired stun grenades at protesters who were chanting "Go home!" Kherson early this month became the first major city to fall to Russia's offensive.

"We saw slaves shooting at free people, slaves of propaganda that replaced their conscience," the Ukrainian leader said in his video address.

In the capital, Kyiv, a shopping centre in the densely populated Podil district near the city centre was a smoking ruin after being hit late Sunday by shelling that killed eight people, according to emergency officials. The attack shattered every window in a neighbouring highrise.

Russian military spokesman Maj.-Gen. Igor Konashenkov charged that Ukrainian forces had been using the shopping mall to store rockets and reload launchers. That claim could not be independently verified.

Britain's defence ministry said Ukrainian resistance has kept the bulk of Moscow's forces more than 25 kilometresfrom the centreof Kyiv, but the capital "remains Russia's primary military objective."

Amid the continuing shelling, Kyiv Mayor Vitali Klitschko announced a curfew extending from Monday evening through Wednesday morning.

Ukrainian authorities also said Russia shelled a chemical plant in northeastern Ukraine, sending toxicammonia leaking into the air, and hit a military training basein the Rivne region of western Ukraine with cruise missiles.

Konashenkov said 80 foreign and Ukrainian troops were killed in the Rivne attack. There was no immediate word from the Ukrainian side on casualties.

WATCH | UNsays 10 million Ukrainians have been forced from their homes:

10 million Ukrainians displaced by Russian invasion, UN estimates

3 years ago

Duration 2:53

As conflict in Ukraine escalates, the United Nations estimates approximately 10 million people have been displaced by Russia's invasion.

Talks ongoing

In the Black Sea port city of Odesa, authorities said Russian forces damaged civilian houses in a strike Monday. The city council said no one was killed.

Russia's invasion has rocked the international security order and driven nearly 3.5million people from Ukraine, according to the United Nations. The UNhas confirmed 902 civilian deaths in the war but concedes the actual toll is likely much higher. Estimates of Russian deaths vary, but even conservative figures are in the low thousands.

Talks between Russia and Ukraine have continued by video but failed to bridge the chasm between the two sides, with the Kremlin demanding Ukraine disarm and declare itself neutral and Ukraine calling for binding security guarantees and a withdrawal of all Russian forces.

Russia's Foreign Ministry warned that relations with the U.S. are "on the verge of a breach," citing "unacceptable statements" by U.S. President Joe Biden about Putin. Biden last week branded the Russian leader a war criminal.

Ukrainian delegation member Davyd Arakhamia told Ukrainska Pravda that there was a 90-minute session between top negotiators Monday morning, to be followed by a full day of talks in various working groups.

WATCH | Russia more likely to usechemical, biological weapons than nuclear, expert says:

Chemical, biological weapons more likely to be used in Ukraine than nuclear, expert says

3 years ago

Duration 9:34

Though Russian President Vladimir Putin is more likely to order the use of chemical or biological weapons in the invasion of Ukraine, nuclear weapons are still possible, said Andrew Weber, former U.S. assistant secretary of defence for nuclear, chemical & biological defence programs.

Radiation fears

A cluster of villages on Kyiv's northwest edge, including Irpin and Bucha, have been all but cut off by Russian forces and are on the verge of humanitarian catastrophe, regional officials said. Associated Press journalists who were in the area a week ago saw bodies in a park.

In another worrying development, Ukraine's nuclear regulatory agency said radiation monitors around the Chornobyl nuclear power plant, site of the world's worst meltdown in 1986, have stopped working.

The agency said that development, and a lack of firefighters to protect the area's radiation-tainted forests as the weather warms, could mean a "significant deterioration" in the ability to control the spread of radiation in Ukraine and beyond.