With hospitals overwhelmed, can Canada overhaul health care for the long term?

As hospitals strain under the burden of record-high numbers of COVID-19 patients, two former health ministers warn that there is no silver bulletthat can reform the health-care system and safeguard it for the long run.

"People always want to have a quick single solution to a complex problem," former federal health minister Jane Philpottsaid in a panel interview on CBC'sThe House,which aired Saturday. "There is not a single thing that will fix the whole picture."

"Spending more money to do a lot of things the same way that we've always done them" will not fix structural issues with resource allocation and the workforce, added Fred Horne, a former Alberta health minister.

The stresses of COVID-19 hospitalizations, driven by the current wave of infections, are being felt acutely across the country, including in Quebec.

19:29How can this country fix a health care system under pressure?

A Montreal ER nurse shares some of the stress on the hospital frontlines, and former health ministers Jane Philpott and Fred Horne talk about how to reform Canadas health care system.

In Montreal, ER nurse Marie-Piersays she worries that cratering morale could lead to a collapse in the hospital system. CBC News is using only her first name because she fears disciplinary action for speaking out.

"My biggest concern is that I am mostly scared that we're just going to crumble and literally have nurses stop working, people stop working period, or completely change profession because it's too much," she told host Chris Hall.

She said health-care workers are exhausted, and while many try to keep working and push through, sometimes they simply burn out because of stress and fatigue after several waves of the pandemic.

"Out of nowhere, we just fall."

Marie-Piersaid steps such asincreasing pay, reducing forced overtime and creating better overall conditions would help to bring workers back into the health-care system.

"It's a beautiful job. I love to care for people just to help people to feel better and to be able to see them rise and leave the hospital after," she said.

Hospitalsunder stress across country

Similar workforce and resource strains are being felt across the country, prompting questions once more onhow the health-caresystem, which experts say can be overwhelmed during a normal flu season, can be reinforced and reformed for the long term.

"Most Canadians would agree that even before COVID-19, our capacity was often stretched too thin," federal Health Minister Jean-Yves Duclossaid earlier this month.

A key question in the debate over a potential solution is the role of the federal government. Over the past two years, provinces have consistently asked for Ottawa to boostits health-care transfer to provincesup to 35 per cent of costsversus the current 22 per cent.

Prime Minister Justin Trudeau has said he is open to renegotiating the transfer system oncethe pandemic is over.

"I think that it's a good time for the federal government to exert itself more strongly in the health space, and we do need more investments," said Philpott, who served as federal health minister from 2015 to 2017.

But she cautioned that there is a need for other reform as well, because "you can't keep throwing more money at doing things the same way we've always done.

"People know how much care is needed in hospitals, but we also need to spend in places like home care and mental health and primary care," she added.

Changes to support the workforce, such as allowing easier movement of workers from province to province and more efficient assignments of physicians versus nurses or general practitioners, would also help, Philpottsaid.

"There are very few provinces that have a really good workforce plan, and there is no existence of a national health workforce plan. So that would be an area that I would put a lot of attention to if I were a federal minister."

Horne, who served as provincial health minister in Alberta from 2011 to 2014, said transformational change of the type that's needed "takes a lot longer than one political cycle or one budget cycle."

Privatization debate a 'red herring,' Philpott says

Both former ministers expressed skepticism that the debate over private health care was a fruitful one.

"I think the whole issue of public-private [care] is highly misunderstood and can often be used as a red herring," Philpott said. There is a great deal of private delivery alreadybuilt into the system, she said, and the concern should be making sure privately paid systems don't disrupt access to care for all.

Horne said that during his time in office, private delivery of publiclyinsured services had not been a "huge issue" in his conversations.

"In fact, [people] were expecting us to make best use of the public funds and that includes, you know, partnerships with the private sector and industry as appropriate," he said.

Philpott said that "we're actually starting to see some good things happening behind the scenes," such asa national data health plan, but to push forward requiresstrong collaboration between levelsof government.

Horne said his advice to health ministers now isto focus on accomplishing thingsthat will survive their tenure as head of the system.

"It's a tough grind," he said.

• Listen to CBCRadio's The House: Nursing the system back to health