Americans and Europeans drastically overestimate their Muslim populations, a new international survey shows, a misperception many say is driven by Islamophobia and growing anti-Muslim sentiment.

Americans think 17 out of every 100 people in the U.S. are Muslim, according to the survey from Ipsos Mori , a U.K. research company. But, according to the nonpartisan Pew Research Center , Muslims account for only 1 out of every 100 people in the U.S.

That works out to Americans thinking there are about 54 million Muslims in the U.S., when in fact the Muslim population is about 3 million.

This wide disparity between public perception and reality is even more pronounced in Europe. The French, for example, think Muslims make up 31 percent of the French population, when only 7.5 percent of that country is Muslim.