Rudy Giuliani has lost a civil lawsuit brought by two Georgia election workers after he failed to turn over discovery documents in the case, a federal judge ruled Wednesday.

Judge Beryl Howell issued a default judgment ordering the former Donald Trump attorney to pay nearly $133,000 in sanctions. In a 57-page opinion , Howell admonished Giulianis failure to turn over the documents as willful discovery misconduct.

Perhaps, he has made the calculation that his overall litigation risks are minimized by not complying with his discovery obligations in this case, the judge wrote. Whatever the reason, obligations are case specific and withholding required discovery in this case has consequences.